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lapse rate 【氣象學】 (與高度成比例的)氣溫直減率,遞減率。

lapstone

As far as daily surface air mean temperature , rmsie is below 0 . 5ctc . as for daily surfac e air max and min temperature , the rmsie are respectively lower than 0 . 74 and 0 . 58 . ( 4 ) the model a takes into account the fact that temperature lapse rate changes according to such factors as topography , latitude , longitude and moisture transfer , etc . the effect of spatial interpolation that uses it is not noticeably ameliorated by contrast with using the model a . there remains a need for further study 其中,改進方案a與其它方法相比,效果較好,其me均在0 . 03以下,對于地面日平均氣溫場, rmsie均在0 . 50以下,對于表面大氣日最高溫度場, rmsie均在0 . 74以下,對于地面日最低氣溫場, rmsie均在0 . 58以下;在方案a的基礎上,考慮溫度直減率隨經、緯度和地形以及水汽輸送等因素變化的分區插值方案,與方案a比較,插值效果沒有明顯改善,因此還需要進一步的研究。

As a result , in the paper , considering the altitudinal effect ( topography factor ) and the influence on the temperature lapse rate by topography and latitude and longitude and moisture transfer , the study on the daily surface air mean , max and min temperature in the reaches of yangtze rive is attempted by five models , which include the gaussian weighted model , the gaussian weighted model associated with the error - modification , the gradient plus inverse distance squared model and the modified gaussian weighted model a and b that take topography - factor into account 本文考慮海拔高度和溫度直減率受地形和經、緯度及水汽等因素的影響,通過利用高斯權重法、結合逐步訂正的高斯權重法、梯度距離權重反比法和加入地形影響項(地形因子)的兩種改進高斯權重法的方案a 、 b ,對長江流域的地面日平均、最高和最低氣溫場進行了空間化插值研究。

The precipitation of northern hemisphere has a significant negative trend , lapse rate of precipitation during djf is - 0 . 028mm / a . for the southern hemisphere , has n ' t pass the statistical significance . the flood / drought years are pick out in 1948 - 2001 for djf over global , northern and southern hemisphere , six large - scale areas , the results point out has significant decadal change in the flood / drought years of global , nh and sh in djf , during 1940s - 1970s global flood in djf occurred frequently and from 1970s - 1990s global drought in djf occurred frequently 北半球有明顯的降水減少,約為- 0 . 028mm a ,南半球12 - 2月降水表現為極微弱的下降趨勢,且在統計上是不顯著的。劃分出了全球、南北半球、全球6個大尺度區域12 - 2月旱澇年,指出全球及北、南半球12 - 2月的旱澇有明顯的年代際變化。 70年代中期以前是全球洪澇多發期, 80年代到90年代為全球干旱多發期。

Lapse rate - the rate at which the temperature falls with altitude gain . a healthy lapse rate indicates an unstable day with good potential for soaring flights 溫度梯度空氣溫度隨海拔高度增加而下降的固定比率。一個正常的溫度梯度表現,暗示一個不穩定大氣條件,有令人滿意盤旋飛翔可能。

Adiabatic lapse rate 絕熱遞減率

Temperature lapse rate 溫度下減率

Vertical lapse rate 氣溫垂直遞減率

Dry adiabatic lapse rate 干絕熱遞減率

Autoconvective lapse rate 自動對流直減率

Saturation - adiabatic lapse rate 飽和熱直減率

Saturated adiabatic lapse rate 飽和絕熱遞減率